要教多少语法才合适 Is Learning Grammar Crucial to Learning Chinese?
虽然我不是语言学专家,但据我的观察,除了像在德语说得比较公认“标准”的地区外(德语语法比较严谨),语言本质上是“约定俗成”。也就是说,凡是全部或大部分人都接受并且应用的语言就是正确的,尤其是我所知道的中文。
相对于语法,颜老师、储老师讲的“语感”按照我的理解就是人们的习惯,它有一定的规律,但却不一定能精确地归纳为定律(语法)。大华风采一向偏重于介绍句型,与一般的教材比起来,我们在语法方面似乎少一些。我们说这是因为我们知道人们尤其是儿童学习语言的自然规律:重在表达、沟通,而不靠掌握语法。讲的更白一点,我们的教学理念是:我能说我想说的话,你能听懂就好了。
然而如果教材的对象是大学生,是善于逻辑理性思考的新成年人。一般大家认为他们学习外语时比较能够吸收并掌握语法,而且他们由于懂得问为什么,因此必须尽量满足他们对语法的需求。一般而言,这个观念没有错,尤其对那些能够深入探究、思考的学生。这样的学生恐怕是少数,多数的大学生更要“学以致用”,不一定要能掌握很多语法,而是要听得懂、看得懂、说得出、写得来。对这样的学生(恐怕是多数),重点在于流利(fluency) 的程度,而不是造诣(depth of acquisition)有多深。
总的来说,我赞成颜老师、储老师的意见,即:把重点放在培养锻炼语感上,对语法的介绍要有,但不必讲求分量(适度就好,别太多)。我认为我们不要教学生说“他们的家有多少人”这样的“洋泾浜”(外国人说的汉语),因为凡是母语是汉语的人都不会说“他们的家有几个人”。当然,也许我们唱歌的时候会唱“我的家在海的那一边…,我的心在海的这一边,在你这边…”之类的抒情语。
汉语千变万化,基本上跟着场合、情况、对象、感觉走,一般倾向简练,言能达意就好(人家听得懂,听的习惯),不太墨守成规(即所谓的“语法”造句)。
罗罗嗦嗦,我达意了吗?
CK
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